Few conversations in fire safety are more awkward than telling a client that the fire alarm system recently installed in their building may not be the correct grade. It can be uncomfortable for everyone involved. For the risk assessor, it is professionally difficult. For the building manager or responsible person, it can feel frustrating, embarrassing or expensive, particularly if they personally arranged the installation in good faith.

This situation happens far more often than people realise, and is usually the just result of how fire safety responsibilities are divided in the UK. Understanding that distinction is the first step to resolving the issue calmly and proportionately.

Why This Conversation Is So Difficult

Replacing or upgrading a fire alarm system can be costly. It can also feel like a public admission that something has gone wrong, especially when a competent fire alarm company has already completed work. From the assessor’s side, there is a professional duty to be honest and accurate, even when the message is uncomfortable. From the client’s side, there is often a sense of “we did what we were told” or “this was installed by professionals”. Both perspectives are valid. The issue is rarely incompetence. It is almost always about roles and responsibility.

The Key Distinction Many People Are Not Told

A fire alarm company typically installs to a specification. A fire risk assessor determines what that specification should be. Fire alarm installers are specialists in design, installation and commissioning. However, unless they are formally undertaking the role of the fire risk assessor, they are not responsible for deciding the required grade or category of system for the building. That responsibility sits squarely with the fire risk assessment. Where problems arise is when a system is installed without that independent assessment, or where the assessment is outdated, unclear or based on a previous building use. This is not unusual. It is a structural issue in how projects are delivered, not a personal failing.

Understanding Fire Alarm Categories

Fire alarm systems in non-domestic buildings are generally designed in line with BS 5839-1, which defines system categories based on life safety and property protection. Broadly, these fall into the following groups:

Manual systems (Category M)
Rely on occupants discovering a fire and operating manual call points. Suitable only in limited, lower-risk environments.

Life safety systems (Categories L1 to L5)
Designed to protect people by providing early warning.

• L1 offers automatic detection throughout the building
• L2 provides detection on escape routes and high-risk areas
• L3 covers escape routes and adjoining rooms
• L4 covers escape routes only
• L5 is a custom system for specific risks

Property protection systems (Categories P1 and P2)
Focused on protecting the building and business continuity rather than occupants.

• P1 covers the entire building
• P2 protects defined high-risk areas

The correct category depends on building layout, occupancy, use, management arrangements and escape strategy. There is no one-size-fits-all answer.

When the Wrong System Has Been Installed

Discovering that the installed system does not meet the required category can feel daunting, but it does not automatically mean starting again from scratch. In many cases, proportionate solutions exist, such as:

• Adding detection to specific areas
• Improving coverage on escape routes
• Upgrading control equipment
• Improving audibility or zoning
• Integrating additional devices rather than full replacement

The aim is not perfection. The aim is appropriate life safety based on actual risk.

The Importance of a Calm, Evidence-Based Assessment

An independent fire risk assessment provides the foundation for resolving the issue without emotion or blame. It allows decisions to be based on risk, not assumption. It also provides clear justification for any changes, which is vital for both compliance and cost control. Importantly, it gives everyone a shared reference point, reducing tension and misunderstanding.

How Fletcher Risk Supports This Process

At Fletcher Risk, we understand how sensitive these situations can be. Our role is not to criticise decisions made in good faith. It is to help clients move forward with clarity and confidence. We regularly support clients by:

• Explaining requirements clearly and calmly
• Identifying proportionate solutions rather than default replacements
• Liaising directly with fire alarm installers on the client’s behalf
• Reviewing specifications before further work is undertaken
• Helping ensure works are completed correctly and at a fair price

This approach removes pressure from the client and avoids difficult back-and-forth conversations with contractors. It also helps ensure that everyone is working toward the same outcome.

This Happens All the Time

Installing the wrong grade of fire alarm system is not rare. It is a common by-product of building changes, refurbishment projects and well-intentioned decisions made without a full risk assessment in place. There is no judgement attached to that reality. What matters is recognising the issue and dealing with it properly.

No Panic Required

Fire safety is about managing risk, not assigning blame. If you suspect your fire alarm system may not be the correct grade for your building, the most sensible next step is a calm, independent review. From there, solutions are usually straightforward, proportionate and manageable. Fletcher Risk is here to help navigate that process, reduce stress and ensure the right outcome for the building and the people who use it. Please reach out to us and we would be glad to help.

Disclaimer

This article is provided for general information only and does not constitute legal, technical or professional advice. Fire safety requirements vary depending on the specific characteristics, use and management of each building. The appropriate grade and category of fire alarm system can only be determined through a suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment carried out by a competent person. Any decisions regarding fire alarm design, modification or installation should be based on the findings of that assessment and relevant British Standards. Fletcher Risk Management Ltd accepts no liability for actions taken based solely on the information contained in this article. For advice tailored to your specific premises, a professional fire risk assessment should be undertaken.

Installed the Wrong Grade of Fire Alarm System? A Calm, Practical Way Forward